Employees who lost their jobs because of cost-cutting measures take to the streets, report Hu Yongqi, Wu Wencong and Jiang Xueqing in Beijing.

The Motorola building in Beijing. Hundreds of Motorola employees staged protests in Nanjing, Jiangsu province on Aug 16 and in Beijing on Aug 17, after being informed of a layoff. Wang Jing / China Daily

A Motorola employee outside the company building in Beijing. Wang Jing / China Daily

A motorcycle breaks down on a dusty country road. A mule has to pull it to its destination. The motorcyclist takes out a black object, the size of half a brick, and talks into it. Millions of Chinese TV viewers think it's cool. This is a flashback to the 1990s.

A Motorola cell phone, selling for an office worker's annual salary, was the symbol of wealth in China then. Motorola, in Chinese, literally means a "motorcycle pulled by a mule". The advertisement, playing on this aspect, ensured that the company became a household name.

Motorola is making news again, this time of a different nature. Hundreds of employees laid off by the company staged protests in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province, on Thursday and in Beijing on Friday.

They said the attitude of the company's management, combined with the massive scale of the layoffs, had forced them to take to the streets.

"We are not after money. We feel humiliated by being forced to leave this way," said Chen Hongbin, 31, a cloud-computing engineer at Motorola's Beijing unit. He joined protesters waving banners in front of the Motorola building in Wangjing, northeast Beijing.

The protesters claimed Motorola is letting go about 700 of its 1,600 employees in Beijing, and closing its operations completely in Nanjing, where about 500 people were employed.

The company will slash about 4,000 jobs globally, one-third of them in the United States, according to an e-mail sent by Motorola's chief executive to the company's units across the world on Aug 13. This will reduce its workforce by 20 percent and result in the closure of a third of its 94 offices worldwide, said Motorola China's spokesman Kevin Si.

Motorola China's human resources department began talking with laid-off workers one by one on Aug 14. Since then, the conflict has been escalating, reaching a flashpoint that led to protests two days later. "They told us about the compensation, warning that there was no room for discussion, and asked us to sign the papers before 5 pm on Aug 15. They said if we didn't, our contracts would be terminated," Zheng said.

On Aug 15, a group of 30 laid-off workers managed to talk with two top executives. "We explained our point. We wanted to negotiate the time and terms of leaving the company, know the total number of workers being laid off, the reasons for doing so and the standards followed," she said. "But we were told that the details sought were secret and none of our concern, and that there was no room for discussion on the time and terms."

The laid-off workers with higher education then sent two teams, one to Beijing municipal human resources and social security bureau and the other to the Chaoyang district federation of trade unions, to gather information.

The first team checked the files at the labor bureau and found that about 700 employees were being made redundant. It also applied to seek more information, and was told it would be given within 15 days, she said.

The second team questioned why the company's trade union had agreed to the layoffs beforehand and found that the names of the company's trade union president and vice-president registered with the federation were not the ones they believed to be, Zheng said.

Meanwhile, word spread that salaries offered by other cellphone makers to former Motorola employees were much lower than the market average, further unnerving the laid-off workers.

The workers are worried about their future. An employee, the mother of a newborn who gave her name only as Jessica, was also informed that she had been laid off. "I am afraid that I will be less competitive in the job market as a woman in her late 30s and a mother of an infant," she said.

"Human resources officials told me to sign the papers within one day and leave the day after my lactation period ends, which is a few days after most of my colleagues are supposed to leave in September," Jessica said. "It is understandable that the top executives made this decision out of strategic consideration. But shouldn't they proceed in a different way, taking into account the interest of all the employees who have been working for them all these years?"

The Motorola China spokesman, however, said the company was laying off employees strictly according to national laws and regulations and the compensation is higher than the national standard.

Chen Hongbin, who has worked for Motorola for six years, said his compensation was just about $10,000.

Human resources experts said Motorola is not violating China's labor laws by cutting jobs. In fact, it is fairly reasonable for a company facing huge financial problems to reduce its workforce. Motorola's business has been shrinking over the past few years, and it has been laying off people in different Chinese cities, including Beijing and Tianjin. This time, the protests suggest the employees were not prepared for it.

"Although it's legal to fire people, the company still has a better solution," said Wang Kun, a human resources manager at a US IT multinational. "A better solution would require the company to care about people's feelings."

To act fairly, Wang said, a company could tell its employees that it is going through difficult times and has to lay off some of them, but they will be given a certain amount of time to look for new jobs. During this period, its human resources department could use its connections to recommend them to other companies. After all these efforts are made, the employees would have little to complain about, for they would know the company had done its best.

For many years, Motorola's human resources department was a model for other international companies. Experts used to say the company was very professional in terms of salary, welfare and labor relationship. Its Motorola University not only provides training to its own employees, but also sells training programs to other companies.

Compared with Motorola, the reputation of Google's human resources department is average, according to Wang. It is likely that after acquiring Motorola, Google pressured it to cut jobs within a given period, he said.

Since the economy remains weak, it is not easy for former Motorola workers to find jobs. Perhaps those with three to five years' experience will find employment more easily than the others. But many of them may have to accept lower salaries, Wang said.

Connie Liu is a human resources manager who has worked for four multinationals in Dalian, Liaoning province in the past decade. She also said communication and timing are important factors during layoffs.

Internal communication plays a vital role in preventing large-scale layoffs leading to a strike, because a strike will harm the interests, finances and image of the company, she said. "So a grace period is very necessary before laying off employees, because it gives them time to find new jobs and accept the fact," Liu said.

The company should have a clear strategy, even for employees who would not be affected, and open a communication channel with them, said Cui Ying, a human resources expert in a top US consulting firm. "For example, if all other people around me have left, I will also feel unsafe," she said.

"To relieve core workers of their worries and give them hope, the company should explain to them why it has to cut jobs, what its plans are for the next five years and so on," Cui said.

"Besides, it should assure the employees that they are valuable and important for the company by offering them better training, career development opportunities and/or higher salaries. Otherwise, the key employees could start leaving the company for greener pastures."

Motorola's journey from the top

Mobile phone makers have been laying off workers for some time. Last week, Nokia announced its plan to cut 10,000 jobs worldwide by the end of 2013. Nokia Siemens Networks, the world's fourth largest telecom gear maker, has already said it will lay off about 300 employees in China this year.

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